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Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) implemented strict controls on
sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions from electric utilities. The CAAA also required the
establishment of a national monitoring network to 1) monitor the status and trends of air
emissions, pollutant deposition, and air quality, 2) determine the effects of emissions on water
quality, forests and other sensitive ecosystems and 3) assess the effectiveness of emission
reduction requirements through operation of a long-term monitoring network. In order to satisfy
these requirements, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Clean Air
Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) with two primary goals: 1) to operate an effective
monitoring and assessment network to determine the status and trends of air pollution levels and
their environmental effects, and 2) to develop a scientific database to improve understanding of
sources and effects for policy considerations. Prior to the establishment of CASTNet, EPA
operated the National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN). NDDN started in 1986 and was
incorporated into CASTNet in 1991. Thus, a long-term data set of sulfur and nitrogen oxide
measurements now exists. This paper examines the long-term trends in ambient levels of sulfur
and nitrogen oxides measured as part of NDDN and CASTNet and compares those trends to
trends in emissions. The effects of the Title IV emission reductions are evaluated and compared
with the ambient monitoring trends.
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CNumber:
ACE 2002 Baltimore, Maryland June 23-27, 2002
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Publication Type:
Proceedings
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Publication Date:
June 2002
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